d the fatty liver and hepatic inflammatory response induced by high fat diet. YKGT supplement and treadmill exercise together had better beneficial effects than only one intervention. © The Author(s). 2020.Background Our study aims to investigate the mechanisms of lncRNA Gm12664-001 improved hepatic lipid accumulation-initiated NAFLD via regulating miR-295-5p and CAV1 in AML12 cells. Methods The animals were divided into normal control (NC) group and high fat diet (HFD) group (20 mice per group) for 8w. The steatotic liver was measured by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and kits. We performed systematical analyses on hepatic expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced steatotic animal model. The expression profile of targets was confirmed by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase assay, RT-PCR and western blot in AML12 cells. Results HFD treatment markedly observed hepatic fatty degeneration with primarily fat vacuoles, and increased TG level compared with control. According to microarray data, we found that transfection of Gm12664-001 siRNA (siRNA-118,306) obviously enhanced TG accumulation and repressed CAV1 in AML12 cells. Furthermore, the TG accumulation markedly increased by siRNA-mediated knockdown of CAV1 in AML12 cells. By bioinformatics prediction, AML12 cells were transfected of siRNA-118,306 obviously upregulated miR-295-5p. Transfection of miR-295-5p mimics significantly increased TG accumulation and obviously suppressed the target CAV1. Conclusions The results revealed that lncRNA Gm12664-001 attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation through negatively regulating miR-295-5p and enhancing CAV1 expression in AML12 cells. © The Author(s). 2020.Background Duck rearing is one of the important livelihoods of rural people. Duck plague is one of the diseases causing heavy mortality resulting in economic losses. Case description An outbreak of duck plague in a farm in Kadavakathi Village near Tenkasi, Tirunelveli Dt., is reported. Findings/treatment and outcome Two thousands out of 4500 Chara-Chemballi breed of ducks which were recently purchased from Chenganacherry in Kerala died, with a mortality rate of 44.4%. Clinical signs of inappetence, partial closure of eyelid, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, oculo-nasal discharge, soiled vent with green white watery diarrhoea, ataxia, incoordination and sudden death were observed. Necropsy examination revealed diphtheritic membrane in the oesophagus, congestion, petechial haemorrhages and multifocal gray white areas on the surface of the liver, epicardial haemorrhages, congested trachea, lung, kidneys, splenomegaly with mottled appearance and enteritis. Microscopical examination revealed presence of eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions in the epithelial cells of the intestine and hepatocytes, degeneration and necrosis of enterocytes, dilated crypt epithelial cells with presence of eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions, congestion and lymphoid cell depletion in the spleen, vasculitis, congestion, and haemorrhages in the trachea and lungs, proventriculitis, and congested kidneys. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD0530.html Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also confirmed the duck plague viral infection by the amplification of polymerase gene fragment (446 bp). Conclusion Based on the above findings, the Chara-Chemballi duck disease outbreak was diagnosed as duck viral enteritis infection.Background Foot and mouth disease (FMD), which causes myocarditis, results in 50% sudden death in the suckling calves. Occurrence of arrhythmias associated with FMD induced myocarditis in calves is not reported hitherto. ???The present work documents the arrhythmias associated with FMD in calf and their treatment using appropriate antiarrhythmic drugs. Case description A three -month-old male Holstein Friesian crossbred calf naturally suffering from FMD was selected for the present study. Findings/treatment and outcome Cardiac auscultation revealed grade 4 systolic murmurs and electrocardiography (ECG) showed sustained polymorphic ventricular premature complexes (PVPCs) with tachycardia on bipolar base apex lead. Apart from standard treatment, lidocaine 2% was administered at dose of 0.6 mg/kg intravenously over 15 min once a day and sinus rhythm was restored by 76 h post-treatment. Review of ECG and haematobiochemical examination revealed normal findings on 7th day of treatment. Conclusion The study demonstrates the presence of sustained PVPCs with tachycardia due to FMD induced myocarditis and the successful use of lidocaine in restoring the sinus rhythm and recovery of the calf.Background Among the birds, chicken was the model used in the majority of studies on germ cells and other birds like quail, turkey and pheasant had some interest but ostrich has been lacking from these researches. Aims The present study was conducted to confirm the presence of ostrich primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the embryonic blood and to determine the appropriate time for having them in the blood. Methods Embryos were extracted in embryonic day (E) 6-12, their blood was obtained and the rest of the embryos were processed for histological examinations. Staining by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) method and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA1) and stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) antibodies (Abs) were used for identification of the PGCs. Results While the blood circulating ostrich PGCs were SSEA1-negative and SSEA4-positive, in the presumptive gonads PGCs showed negative immunoreactivity for both Abs. Although the ostrich PGCs were PAS-positive in both blood and presumptive gonad, their PAS-positive contents reduced during development from E 10 to E 12. Conclusion E 9, when the hind limb buds appear, is the best time for detecting PGCs in the ostrich embryonic blood.Background Researchers are challenged with identification of possible feed additives with the ability to increase the efficiency of feed utilization. Aims The present work aimed at studying growth pattern and carcass traits in broiler fed on dietary enzymes (Enzymex) and probiotic (Yeamark) over a period of six weeks. Methods A completely randomized design, including 8 treatments, 3 replications and 15 birds in each experimental unit was applied. Results The results showed that feed intake decreased significantly (P less then 0.05) which might be due to the birds fulfilling their nutrient requirements by taking less amount of feed with improved digestibility of energy sources and amino acids. The results of present study also demonstrate the beneficial effects on performance and dressed yield in the treated groups in broiler. Conclusion Enzymes and probiotic are, therefore, suggested to be used as feed additives in broiler rations for higher profitability.